2.ifconfig命令用于获取网卡配置与网络状态等信息
[root@dsrw ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::8782:14ae:73c2:4971 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:65:c4:9c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 758169 bytes 954511534 (910.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 87735 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 74323 bytes 5841261 (5.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 03.netstat命令用于显示网络状态
1）显示系统网络状态中的所有连接信息
[root@dsrw ~]# netstat -a
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:domain 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2）显示网卡当前状态信息
[root@dsrw ~]# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
bond0 1500 47 0 42 0 25 0 2 0 BMmU
ens160 1500 7469 0 100626 0 232 0 0 0 BMRU
ens192 1500 2171 0 0 0 1507 0 0 0 BMRU
lo 65536 1851 0 0 0 1851 0 0 0 LRU
virbr0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU3）显示网络路由表状态信息
[root@dsrw ~]# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens160
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 bond0
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens192
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 bond0
192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ens160
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr04）找到服务所对应的连接信息
[root@dsrw ~]# netstat -ap | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:ssh 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1044/sshd
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN 1044/sshd
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 46148 2056/gnome-keyring- /run/user/0/keyring/ssh
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 139846 60423/gpg-agent /var/lib/fwupd/gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh
unix 2 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 29303 1044/sshd
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 28790 1044/sshd 5）ssh命令用于安全的远程连接服务器
[root@dsrw ~]# ssh 192.168.10.2
The authenticity of host '192.168.10.2 (192.168.10.2)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:hFlfjG/6A/hF+hqNMuW0p0gNEIedOpPVHo/bC7GkIxw.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? 6）ping命令用于测试主机间网络连通性
[root@dsrw ~]# ping -c 4 192.168.10.2
PING 192.168.10.2 (192.168.10.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
--- 192.168.10.2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 59ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.042/0.047/0.059/0.009 ms4.route命令用来显示并设置Linux内核中的网络路由表，route命令设置的路由主要是静态路由。
1）显示路由信息
[root@dsrw ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens160
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens192
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr02）添加一个网络
[root@dsrw ~]# route add -net 10.0.0.0/24 dev ens160
[root@dsrw ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens160
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 300 0 0 bond0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens192
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr03）指定网关添加网络
[root@dsrw ~]# route add -net 10.0.0.0/24 dev ens160 gw 10.0.0.254
[root@dsrw ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens160
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 300 0 0 bond0
10.0.0.0 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens160
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens192
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr04）添加一个主机IP
[root@dsrw ~]# route add -host 10.1.1.1 dev ens160
[root@dsrw ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens160
0.0.0.0 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 300 0 0 bond0
10.0.0.0 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens160
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens160
10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens192
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr05）删除网络
[root@dsrw ~]# route del -net 10.0.0.0/24
[root@dsrw ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens160
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 300 0 0 bond0
10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens192
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr06）删除主机
[root@dsrw ~]# route del -host 10.1.1.1
[root@dsrw ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 102 0 0 ens160
default 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 ens192
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 102 0 0 ens160
192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 300 0 0 bond0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr01 2
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