组播路由协议主要在组播分发网络中构建组播分发树,PIM(协议无关组播)是目前使用的最为广泛的域内组播路由协议,目前版本是PIMv2。
![图片[1]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网](https://www.dsrw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/图片2-8-1024x634.png)
PIM(Protocol Independent Multicast,协议无关组播)协议主要作用是生成AS域内的组播分发树。
MSDP(Multicast Source Discovery Protocol,组播源发现协议)主要作用是帮助生成AS域间的组播分发树。
MBGP(Multicast BGP,组播BGP)主要作用是帮助跨域组播流进行RPF校验。
1.PIM-DM(PIM密集模式)
PM的密集模式,用于组播接收者密集的网络,网络规模较小,组播接收者分布密集的组播网络。
2.目的IP地址224.0.0.13,hello间隔时间30s。
3.邻居关系
![图片[2]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网](https://www.dsrw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/图片3-8.png)
1)R1配置
[R1]multicast routing-enable
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 8
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 13.1.1.1 8
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 14.1.1.1 8
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]pim dm
2)R2配置
[R2]multicast routing-enable
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 8
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp version 2
3)R3配置
[R3]multicast routing-enable
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 13.1.1.3 8
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
4)R4配置
[R4]multicast routing-enable
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 14.1.1.4 8
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.4.254 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp version 2
5)查看PIM信息
<R1>display pim neighbor
VPN-Instance: public net
Total Number of Neighbors = 3
Neighbor Interface Uptime Expires Dr-Priority BFD-Session
12.1.1.2 GE0/0/0 00:00:02 00:01:43 1 N
13.1.1.3 GE0/0/1 00:02:27 00:01:17 1 N
14.1.1.4 GE0/0/2 00:00:48 00:01:26 1 N
<R1>display pim neighbor interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 verbose
VPN-Instance: public net
Total Number of Neighbors on this interface = 1
Neighbor: 12.1.1.2
Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Uptime: 00:05:49
Expiry time: 00:01:25
DR Priority: 1
Generation ID: 0X73FB6940
Holdtime: 105 s
LAN delay: 500 ms
Override interval: 2500 ms
State refresh interval: 60 s
Neighbor tracking: Disabled
PIM BFD-Session: N
4.扩散过程
1)R1配置
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 14.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
2)R2配置
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
3)R3配置
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
4)R4配置
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 14.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
5)查看igmp信息
[R2]display igmp routing-table
Routing table of VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 entry
00001. (*, 239.1.1.1)
List of 1 downstream interface
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 (192.168.2.254),
Protocol: IGMP
[R2]display pim routing-table
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
(*, 239.1.1.1)
Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC EXT
UpTime: 00:14:24
Upstream interface: NULL
Upstream neighbor: NULL
RPF prime neighbor: NULL
Downstream interface(s) information: None
(172.16.1.1, 239.1.1.1)
Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: EXT ACT
UpTime: 00:06:10
Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Upstream neighbor: 12.1.1.1
RPF prime neighbor: 12.1.1.1
Downstream interface(s) information: None
[R2]display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 entry
00001. (172.16.1.1, 239.1.1.1)
Uptime: 00:00:52
Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
List of 1 downstream interface
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/1
<R1>display pim routing-table
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
(172.16.1.1, 239.1.1.1)
Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: LOC ACT
UpTime: 00:04:33
Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/0
Upstream neighbor: NULL
RPF prime neighbor: NULL
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 2
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:04:33, Expires: never
2: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:04:33, Expires: never
5.剪枝过程
![图片[3]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网](https://www.dsrw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/图片4-7-1024x734.png)
6.嫁接过程
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.254 24
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.254 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable
![图片[4]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网](https://www.dsrw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/图片5-7.png)
![图片[5]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网](https://www.dsrw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/图片6-7.png)
7.断言机制
断言机制能防止多台组播路由器向同一个网段转发重复的组播流量。
![图片[6]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网](https://www.dsrw.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/图片7-6.png)
1)R1配置
[R1]multicast routing-enable
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm
2)R2配置
[R2]multicast routing-enable
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.234.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm
3)R3配置
[R3]multicast routing-enable
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.234.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.13.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm
4)R4配置
[R4]multicast routing-enable
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.234.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.4.254 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable
5)查看pim邻居
<R1>display pim neighbor
VPN-Instance: public net
Total Number of Neighbors = 2
Neighbor Interface Uptime Expires Dr-Priority BFD-Session
192.168.12.2 GE0/0/1 00:03:53 00:01:22 1 N
192.168.13.3 GE0/0/2 00:02:28 00:01:17 1 N
6)查看igmp信息
[R4]display igmp group
Interface group report information of VPN-Instance: public net
GigabitEthernet0/0/1(192.168.4.254):
Total 1 IGMP Group reported
Group Address Last Reporter Uptime Expires
224.1.1.1 192.168.4.1 00:01:55 00:01:30
7)查看PIM路由表项有限状态机信息
[R3]display pim routing-table fsm
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
Abbreviations for FSM states and Timers:
NI - no info, J - joined, NJ - not joined, P - pruned,
NP - not pruned, PP - prune pending, W - winner, L - loser,
F - forwarding, AP - ack pending, DR - designated router,
NDR - non-designated router, RCVR - downstream receivers,
PPT - prunepending timer, GRT - graft retry timer,
OT - override timer, PLT - prune limit timer,
ET - join expiry timer, JT - join timer,
AT - assert timer, PT - prune timer
(172.16.1.1, 224.1.1.1)
Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: ACT
UpTime: 00:03:24
Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
Upstream neighbor: 192.168.13.1
RPF prime neighbor: 192.168.13.1
Join/Prune FSM: [F]
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:03:24, Expires: never
DR state: [NDR]
Join/Prune FSM: [NI]
Assert FSM: [W, AT Expires: 00:02:25]
Winner: 192.168.234.3, Pref: 10, Metric: 2
FSM information for non-downstream interfaces:
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
Protocol: pim-dm
DR state: [DR]
Join/Prune FSM: [NI]
Assert FSM: [L, AT Expires: 00:02:25]
Winner: 192.168.13.1, Pref: 0, Metric: 0
[R3]display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 entry
00001. (172.16.1.1, 224.1.1.1)
Uptime: 00:09:04
Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
List of 1 downstream interface
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
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