8.6 PIM-DM

组播路由协议主要在组播分发网络中构建组播分发树,PIM(协议无关组播)是目前使用的最为广泛的域内组播路由协议,目前版本是PIMv2。

图片[1]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网
图8-5  PIM、MSDP、MBGP网络拓扑

PIM(Protocol Independent Multicast,协议无关组播)协议主要作用是生成AS域内的组播分发树。

MSDP(Multicast Source Discovery Protocol,组播源发现协议)主要作用是帮助生成AS域间的组播分发树。

MBGP(Multicast BGP,组播BGP)主要作用是帮助跨域组播流进行RPF校验。

1.PIM-DM(PIM密集模式)

PM的密集模式,用于组播接收者密集的网络,网络规模较小,组播接收者分布密集的组播网络。

2.目的IP地址224.0.0.13,hello间隔时间30s。

3.邻居关系

图片[2]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网
图8-6  PIM邻接关系网络拓扑

1)R1配置

[R1]multicast routing-enable 
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 8
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm 

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 13.1.1.1 8
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm 

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 14.1.1.1 8
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm 

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]pim dm 

2)R2配置

[R2]multicast routing-enable 
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 8
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp version 2

3)R3配置

[R3]multicast routing-enable 
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 13.1.1.3 8
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm

4)R4配置

[R4]multicast routing-enable 
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 14.1.1.4 8
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.4.254 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp version 2

5)查看PIM信息

<R1>display pim neighbor
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total Number of Neighbors = 3
 Neighbor        Interface           Uptime   Expires  Dr-Priority  BFD-Session
 12.1.1.2        GE0/0/0             00:00:02 00:01:43 1            N          
 13.1.1.3        GE0/0/1             00:02:27 00:01:17 1            N          
 14.1.1.4        GE0/0/2             00:00:48 00:01:26 1            N      

<R1>display pim neighbor interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 verbose 
 VPN-Instance: public net

 Total Number of Neighbors on this interface  = 1

 Neighbor: 12.1.1.2
     Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
     Uptime: 00:05:49
     Expiry time: 00:01:25
     DR Priority: 1
     Generation ID: 0X73FB6940
     Holdtime: 105 s
     LAN delay: 500 ms
     Override interval: 2500 ms
     State refresh interval: 60 s
     Neighbor tracking: Disabled
     PIM BFD-Session: N

4.扩散过程

1)R1配置

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 14.1.1.0 0.255.255.255

2)R2配置

[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

3)R3配置

[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.255.255.255

4)R4配置

[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 14.1.1.0 0.255.255.255

5)查看igmp信息

[R2]display igmp routing-table 
Routing table of VPN-Instance: public net 
 Total 1 entry

 00001. (*, 239.1.1.1)
       List of 1 downstream interface 
        GigabitEthernet0/0/1 (192.168.2.254),
                   Protocol: IGMP

[R2]display pim routing-table
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
 (*, 239.1.1.1)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC EXT 
     UpTime: 00:14:24
     Upstream interface: NULL
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL
     Downstream interface(s) information: None
 (172.16.1.1, 239.1.1.1)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: EXT ACT 
     UpTime: 00:06:10
     Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
         Upstream neighbor: 12.1.1.1
         RPF prime neighbor: 12.1.1.1
     Downstream interface(s) information: None

[R2]display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net 
 Total 1 entry
 00001. (172.16.1.1, 239.1.1.1)
       Uptime: 00:00:52
       Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
       List of 1 downstream interface
           1:  GigabitEthernet0/0/1

<R1>display pim routing-table
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 (172.16.1.1, 239.1.1.1)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: LOC ACT 
     UpTime: 00:04:33
     Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/0
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 2
         1: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:04:33, Expires: never
         2: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:04:33, Expires: never

5.剪枝过程

图片[3]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网
图8-7 剪枝报文

6.嫁接过程

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.254 24
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.254 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable 
图片[4]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网
图8-8 嫁接网络拓扑
图片[5]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网
图8-9 嫁接报文

7.断言机制

断言机制能防止多台组播路由器向同一个网段转发重复的组播流量。

图片[6]-8.6 PIM-DM-大赛人网
图8-10 断言机制网络拓扑

1)R1配置

[R1]multicast routing-enable 
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm 
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm 
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm 

2)R2配置

[R2]multicast routing-enable 
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.234.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm 
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm

3)R3配置

[R3]multicast routing-enable 
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.234.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.13.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm

4)R4配置

[R4]multicast routing-enable
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.234.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm 
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.4.254 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable

5)查看pim邻居

<R1>display pim neighbor 
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total Number of Neighbors = 2

 Neighbor        Interface           Uptime   Expires  Dr-Priority  BFD-Session
 192.168.12.2    GE0/0/1             00:03:53 00:01:22 1            N          
 192.168.13.3    GE0/0/2             00:02:28 00:01:17 1            N      

6)查看igmp信息

[R4]display igmp group 
Interface group report information of VPN-Instance: public net 
 GigabitEthernet0/0/1(192.168.4.254): 
  Total 1 IGMP Group reported
   Group Address   Last Reporter   Uptime      Expires     
   224.1.1.1       192.168.4.1     00:01:55    00:01:30

7)查看PIM路由表项有限状态机信息

[R3]display pim routing-table fsm
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 Abbreviations for FSM states and Timers:
     NI - no info, J - joined, NJ - not joined, P - pruned,
     NP - not pruned, PP - prune pending, W - winner, L - loser,
     F - forwarding, AP - ack pending, DR - designated router,
     NDR - non-designated router, RCVR - downstream receivers,
     PPT - prunepending timer, GRT - graft retry timer,
     OT - override timer, PLT - prune limit timer,
     ET - join expiry timer, JT - join timer,
     AT - assert timer, PT - prune timer 

 (172.16.1.1, 224.1.1.1)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: ACT 
     UpTime: 00:03:24
     Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
         Upstream neighbor: 192.168.13.1
         RPF prime neighbor: 192.168.13.1
         Join/Prune FSM: [F]
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1
         1: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:03:24, Expires: never
             DR state: [NDR]
             Join/Prune FSM: [NI]
             Assert FSM: [W, AT Expires: 00:02:25]
                 Winner: 192.168.234.3, Pref: 10, Metric: 2
     FSM information for non-downstream interfaces:
         1: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
             Protocol: pim-dm
             DR state: [DR]
             Join/Prune FSM: [NI]
             Assert FSM: [L, AT Expires: 00:02:25]
                 Winner: 192.168.13.1, Pref: 0, Metric: 0

[R3]display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net 
 Total 1 entry

 00001. (172.16.1.1, 224.1.1.1)
       Uptime: 00:09:04
       Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
       List of 1 downstream interface
           1:  GigabitEthernet0/0/0
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